<p>Abraham Lincoln Statue and Park is a historic property located in Clermont, Iowa, United States. The statue was erected in 1902, and the property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The statue is a duplicate of a statue of Lincoln that was erected in Edinburgh, Scotland. The following inscription is on the statue&#39;s granite base: "Erected in 1902 in memory of soldiers and sailors of the Civil War, 1861-1865."</p><br>
<p>The statue was dedicated June 19, 1903.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Statue is an historic structure located on the grounds of the Greene County Courthouse in Jefferson, Iowa, United States. It was erected in 1918, and individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This was the first statue of Abraham Lincoln built beside, and dedicated to, the Lincoln Highway. The statue is a replica of W. Granville Hastings statue in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was a gift of Mr. and Mrs. E.B. Wilson. The bronze statue is life size, and it stands on a two-tiered concrete base. The lower base features a pebblestone finish, and the upper portion is faced with 2 in of granite. A bronze plaque with the closing paragraph of Lincolns second inaugural address is affixed to the upper portion of the base.</p><br>
<p>The Wilsons decided to donate the statue when the present courthouse was completed in 1917. Because they had no children they reasoned they should give something substantial to the community. The Greene County Board of Supervisors agreed to pay half the cost of the base. The Bureau Brothers Foundry of Philadelphia was contracted to create the statue, and they included the plaque at no expense. It was originally planned that the statue would stand atop a base of pink granite from Pipestone, Minnesota. However, because of World War I the War Industries Board, refused to permit the quarrying and carving the stone until the war was over. The Capitol Hill Monument Company of Des Moines erected a temporary concrete base for the statue&#39;s dedication on September 22, 1918. The "temporary" base was replaced in 1964. The Iowa State Highway Commission Service Bulletin and the Lincoln Highway Forum used a photograph of the new statue on the cover of their publications in 1918. The Lincoln Highway placed an image of the statue on its mission statement in 1920.</p><br>
<p>Hose Station No. 4 is located in the Village of East Davenport in Davenport, Iowa, United States. It is a contributing property of the Davenport Village Historic District that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980. It is one of two old fire stations on the east side of the city that are still in existence. The other one is Hose Station No. 3. The building sits adjacent to Lindsay Park and now houses the International Fire Museum.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first group of volunteer firefighters in Davenport were organized in 1856 and called the Independent Fire Engine and Hose Company. The city&#39;s first firehouse, Hose Station No. 1, was built on Perry Street in 1877 for the Fire King Engine 2nd Hose Company. In the first decades of the 20th-century, the city built other small hose stations throughout the city such as Hose Station No. 4.</p><br>
<p>The Davenport Fire Antique & Restoration Society was formed by four members of the Davenport Fire Department in 1984. They acquired Hose Station No. 4 and opened the museum in 1986. The museum contains artifacts and photographs pertaining to firefighting throughout the world. It includes a 1951 Mack pumper from Riverdale, Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The station was designed in the Italianate style. It features a rectangular plan, hipped roof covered in tile and a short tower in the back where the hoses dried. The red brick exterior features quoined corners in brick. A single pair of fire-house doors, behind which the firefighting equipment was stored, fronted Eleventh Street. The pedestrian entrance was along the side of the building. Two large rectangular windows are above the fire-house doors and a dormer is on the roof above the main façade.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Lischer House is a historic building located in the Hamburg Historic District in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Lischer</h2><br>
<p>The home is associated with Henry Lischer, the owner and publisher of one of Davenport&#39;s German-language newspapers, Der Demokrat. The paper was founded by Theodor Gülich in November 1851. Lischer and his partner, Theodor Olshausen, bought the paper in 1856. Both were German immigrants who became newspapermen in St. Louis, Missouri. At its inception the paper was aligned with the political philosophy, and financial support, of the Democratic Party. However, it was a “free paper” that was not beholden to party doctrines and supported the right of freedom and human rights.</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<p>The Italian Villa style house was designed by Davenport architect W.L. Carroll. Contracts for construction were let in 1868 to Frank Kurk as the contractor and Frank Noe for the brickwork. It sits high on a bluff above the street. In 1874 Lischer and his son-in-law and next door neighbor Frederick G. Clausen built the stone wall and the staircases that led from the sidewalk to their respective residences.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Heinrich Matthey House is a historic building located in the Hamburg Historic District in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Dr. Heinrich Matthey</h2><br>
<p>The home is associated with Davenport physician Heinrich Matthey. He and his twin brother Carl were born on October 20, 1852, to Heinrich and Emilie (Kuntz) Matthey in Prussia. When he was 21, Heinrich immigrated to Milwaukee, Wisconsin with his parents in 1873. They moved to Davenport three years later. Matthey joined his father in publishing the Sternan Banner. In 1880 he moved to Sterling, Illinois where he published the Sterling Beobachter. After two years he sold the paper and returned to Germany, where he studied medicine in Leipzig and Würzburg, graduating in 1887. His brother Carl, who had stayed in Germany to study medicine, moved to Davenport and set up his medical practice. Heinrich returned to Davenport upon the completion of his studies and set up his practice. The two brothers merged their practices in 1889. The following year Heinrich married Hilda Mueller, daughter of lumber baron Chris Mueller, and they raised two children. Heinrich spent two terms on the local school board.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Matthey house is located a block away from Hilda&#39;s parents and even closer to her three brothers. It architecturally embraces a transitional style that combines the Georgian and Colonial Revival styles with elements of the Queen Anne style. The Georgian Revival features include the rectangular form, a high hipped roof, a Palladian window in the dormer, a symmetrical front with the entrance on the right and a columned porch. On the east side of house is a projecting window bay and a tower on the southeast corner of the house that are reminiscent of the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Fremont Fire Lookout is a fire lookout in the northern region of Mount Rainier National Park at an elevation above 7,000 ft, the highest in the park. One of four fire lookouts remaining in the park, the lookout is used for visitor services during summer weekends. The building is about 14 by, and was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and designs under the supervision of Acting Chief Architect Edwin A. Nickel. It was built in 1933. The two-story structure features a balconied lookout on the second level, with storage on the ground level. Cables secured to deadmen keep the lookout from blowing over. The Park Service was assisted during construction by the Emergency Conservation Works Association. The lookout was extensively damaged in a 2006 storm, along with the parks Gobblers Knob Fire Lookout. They&#39;ve since been repaired.</p><br>
<p>The lookout was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Mowich Lake Patrol Cabin is one of the oldest backcountry ranger stations in Mount Rainier National Park. Built in 1922, it is located in the western portion of the park and is adjacent to the largest lake in the park. It was used by rangers on boundary patrol, and is located on the Wonderland Trail. The log cabin encloses a 15.5 ft by 17.5 ft area, with porch projecting 5.75 ft to the front. The design was influential in the development of patrol cabin designs in the 1930s. The original foundation logs were replaced in 1974 by a crew of high school age volunteers of the Student Conservation Association.</p><br>
<p>The cabin serves as a cache point for hikers on the Wonderland Trail.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Nisqually Entrance Historic District comprises the first public entrance to Mount Rainier National Park. The district incorporates the log entrance arch typical of all Mount Rainier entrances, a log frame ranger station and checking station, a comfort station and miscellaneous service structures, all built around 1926, as well as the 1915 Superintendent&#39;s Residence and the 1908 Oscar Brown Cabin, the oldest remaining structure in the park. The buildings in the district conform to the principles of the National Park Service Rustic style that prevailed in park design of the 1920s and 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The Nisqually Entrance Ranger Station was designed by National Park Service architect Daniel R. Hull and built in 1926, replacing the Oscar Brown Cabin as the first point of visitor contact upon entry to the park. The one-story L-shaped log cabin contained an office space and residences for two rangers. The front extension adjoins the road and functions as a checking station for entering cars. The station was featured in Thomas Chalmers Vints Park and Recreation Structures publication, illustrating the principles of rustic park architecture. It was renovated by Civilian Conservation Corps workers in 1936, with a porte-cochere addition over the inbound traffic lane added in 1937. The porte-cocheres checking booth was destroyed in 1946 by a bus. A new, free-standing booth was built on an island in 1962. Interior renovations in 1937, 1966 and 1973 altered original interior details.</p><br>
<p>The Superintendents Residence is a -story timber-framed structure, built as winter quarters for the parks superintendent. Between 1915 and 1923 the superintendents lived at Longmire in the summer. From 1924 Superintendent O.A. Tomlinson made the Nisqually residence the permanent superintendents home. It has continued in that use. The house was built by DeWitt Reaburn, and originally measured 30 ft by 45 ft with an 8 ft by 30 ft porch across the front. An extensive renovation in 1965 added a carport and covered walkway joining it to the house. he original double-hung window sashes were replaced with sliding units and the interior was remodeled. The porchs log posts were replaced with heavy dimension lumber at some point.</p><br>
<p>The Ranger&#39;s Residence is a -story frame house in a split-level plan, built in 1915 by the Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The Oscar Brown Cabin was named after its first occupant, a park ranger who was of the first permanent rangers in the park. Built in 1908, the cabin functioned as a checking station for visitors entering the park and was the parks headquarters until 1916. The log house features an elaborate two-story front porch in varying sizes of logs. The upper level features an arched log from which small logs radiate to the roof gable, forming a sort of sunburst screen. A small lean-to bay was added in 1909, with another addition to the rear in 1910 that may have functioned as the superintendents office. The cabin was the superintendent&#39;s winter quarters until 1915.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings in the district include an equipment building and mens and womens comfort stations (1927).</p><br>
<p>Lindsay Park is a 31 acre park. located in the Village of East Davenport in Davenport, Iowa, United States. The lower park is a contributing property of the Davenport Village Historic District that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1980, and the upper park is part of the McClellan Heights Historic District which was listed on the national register in 1984. Lindsay Park is owned by the city of Davenport and features a playground, baseball diamonds and views of the Mississippi River, which is immediately to the south of the park. There is a group of architectural sculptures along the Riverfront Parkway, of which Lindsay Park is a part. The park also hosts the annual Riverssance Festival of Fine Art.</p><br>
<h2>Camp McClellan</h2><br>
<p>The park served as the parade grounds for the Union Army stationed at Camp McClellan during the American Civil War. Camp McClellan was laid out in August 1861. It was the largest of the five camps that were in and around the city of Davenport.</p><br>
<p>The historic 1889 Boyle Hotel is across the street from the Mariachi Plaza at the corner of Boyle Avenue, First Street and Pleasant Avenue in the East Los Angeles community of Boyle Heights. The building was formerly a hotel and commercial shops line the first floor of this Queen Anne Style building. In 2007 the building was declared a Los Angeles Cultural Monument.</p><br>
<p>The building was rehabilitated by East LA Community Corporation as affordable housing. Ernesto Espinoza is the Director of Real Estate Development for East LA Community Corporation who helped line up the $25 million in public and private subsidies to develop 51 units of affordable housing at the Boyle Hotel – Cummings Block and adjacent parcels. ELACC added a new 20-unit apartment building adjacent to the Boyle Hotel on the Cummings Block.</p><br>
<p>The Jastro Building, also known as the Standard Oil Building, is a historic office building in Bakersfield, California. The structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places  on September 22, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The Jastro Building a two-story structure in downtown Bakersfield, California. Built in the late-Second Renaissance Revival architecture style, it was constructed in two sections in 1917 and 1921; the latter added a 10,000 ft&sup2; wing. The first floor is designed in a "C" shape, with an indentation at the rear of the building. The second floor has an "H" shape design with an indented porch over the front and a south-facing facade; the main entrance is on the first floor below the porch. The structure has a flat roof with boxed cornice bracketed parapet. The windows are vertical, 2-sash casement windows with transom. The second-story center porch windows have molded arches with frieze.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Standard Oil Company entered the substantial oil industry in Kern County in 1902 to develop its holdings in the Kern River Oil Field. With the construction of the Jastro Building, the company moved its Central California operations to Bakersfield. When it was built, it was the first commercial building in the downtown commercial district built across the city&#39;s G Street. It is one of the finest examples of its type of architecture to survive the devastating 1952 Kern County earthquake relatively unscathed.</p><br>
<p>The Spade Ranch Store, currently known as Morgan&#39;s Store, is a general store in the hamlet of Ellsworth, Nebraska providing supplies and services to area ranchers and passing motorists. Built in 1898 as a company store as well as the main offices for the expansive Spade Ranch, the store was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1890s, Ellsworth located on the Burlington Railroad line, offered only a depot, school, and section house. In about 1898 the Spade Ranch erected a store, a hotel, and stockyards. The store building, built by W.T. Merrit, served as business office for the ranch, a general supply store and a post office. At the height of the Spade Ranch operations, a 10 horse-team freight wagon made trips from the Ellsworth Store to the Store and Post Office located at the Spade Headquarters 23 miles north east every three days. In 1927 after the foreclosure of the ranch, the store building was sold to Abbott Interest who hired Lawrence Graham to assume its management. Between 1928 and 1950, Lawrence and his wife, Hazel, operated the store, living in the apartment above. During this time, gasoline pumps were added. In 1950, Lawrence and Hazel Graham purchased the store from Abbott Interest. After Lawrences death in 1960, Hazel and her son, Roy, continued to operate the store until 1967. The store remained vacant from 1967 until 1971, when it was sold to Veldon Morgan, a former Spade Cowboy, and son Wade Morgan who built two large warehouse additions to the original store for use as a western tack and saddle manufacturing plant with over 100 employees. Morgans western equipment was sold nationwide and achieved much success throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Beginning in the early 1990s Morgan&#39;s began to downsize until 2000 when all factory operations ceased because of shifting markets. Today Wade Morgan operates as a ranch supply and general store, serving Ellsworth and the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>Daniels Recital Hall, formerly the First United Methodist Church, now The Sanctuary, is a preserved church sanctuary that has been re-purposed into a recital hall. It was built in 1908 on the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and Marion Street in Seattle, Washington, United States. The recital hall opened in 2009 hosting concerts that use the already existing church acoustics.</p><br>
<p>The hall is owned by Nitze-Stagen & Co. who saved it in a deal that was met with the First United Methodist Church. This deal brought an end to a nearly 25-year battle for the preservation of the site.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Built by the architects of firm Schack and Huntington, the structure is commonly placed into the Beaux arts style of architecture. This is important in that previously churches in the area had been built in what is commonly considered the Gothic Revival style of architecture. This shift is considered to be the result of a progressive change in order to reference the new age of the 20th century. The change is thought to be a representation of a new simpler time as shown with the simple, yet still elegant exterior terracotta reliefs, and the harmonious synchronization of how these pieces become a whole.</p><br>
<p>The buildings base measures at 114 ft by 165 ft with a maximum height of 66 ft from street level. The form is a centrally planned Bastille like structure modeled after classical churches such as the order of Saints Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople. The rectangular base rises from the ground with a terracotta vine pattern relief cornice, which has since been removed. The façade is a large beige brick with a light cream colored terracotta trim. All four sides of the base have been extruded to create 4 alcoves. There lie fenestrations on three of the four sides of the base, with original elegant stained glass windows laid into each of the openings. In the final alcove the structure houses a full pipe organ, as well as a stage which was previously used as the churchs altar. On top of the base lies a cylinder with stained glass windows that allows light into the interior shaft. Above that is a 64’ in diameter dome that is covered in red terracotta tile paneling.</p><br>
<p>The main room is a large auditorium. This space is 3 stories tall going from the floor to the top of the dome measures 66’ in height. The ground level houses enough seating for 1,224 people. The west alcove is where the altar lies. In the other three are the entrance to the east, and the stairs to the three upper galleries which house an additional 600 seats. The basement houses the footing for the primary columns which extend up 72’ from the base. This below grade basement houses rooms that were previously meant as a classroom, suit for the pastor, a parlor, a banquet hall, a kitchen, and a few small multi-purpose rooms.</p><br>
<p>The building includes "highly artistic stained glass windows" attributed to Povey Brothers Glass Company.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The early history of the structure was that the ground was broken, and the foundation stone laid in 1907. First Methodist Episcopal Church (the 1853 - 1939 name of the congregation now known as First United Methodist Church) had moved from an older church on 3rd Avenue and Marion Street when the building when it opened in 1908.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 the church had the addition of an education wing added to the South side of the structure. This structure ranged from 2 to 4 stories in height. The addition was to accommodate the large need of the church for a space for community outreach and religious studies. Along with this addition to the education wing, the front entrance was also the tear down and reconstruction on the front stairs on 5th avenue was completed. Due to the new design a scheme, the main entrance is now entered from each side and the back of the main room. This eliminated the original sequence of movement from street to sanctuary, and created a wall along Fifth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Then in 1984 there was a petition submitted to the National Register of Historic Places to put the site on the list. This motion failed due to the opposition of the church itself needing to gain enough money from the sale to relocate to a more convenient location. The church, city, and preservationists were in a battle until a deal was brought to the table, and agreed upon in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The church was eventually listed on the National Register on January 3, 2011.</p><br>
<p>The elaborate cornice of the sanctuary was removed in 1990. This removal of the cornice still affects the appearance of the building today.</p><br>
<p>The city approved plans put up by the Rainier Club for a skyscraper on the site in 2004. The plan met a great deal of resistance from preservationists. The church never reached a deal with the new development, as such the plan was never implemented.</p><br>
<p>In 2007 Daniels Development took over the land, and as the deal stated in 2008 the church education wing on the southern side of the sanctuary was torn down.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, Mark Andersen was appointed as Artist in Residence, and asked to provide a free noontime concert music series, with performances each month in the sanctuary. More than 57 noontime concerts were presented over 6 years, and many other evening concerts and events were also booked in the Hall. Many of these concerts were filmed and aired on the local television show Crescendo! by International Artists Records. The television program originally aired on SCANTV, and later on Seattle Community Media (SCM) at North Seattle College. Crescendo! also has aired across the country on Time Warner Cable. These concerts continued until December 2014, when preparation for reconstruction of the Recital Hall in 2015 began. The final concert before reconstruction was held December 16, 2014.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, Seattle-based Mars Hill Church leased the building and began holding services. In 2014 the congregation moved out of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>For 25 years preservation of the church was a contested issue between the city, the First United Methodist Church, preservationists, and developers. The first attempt to preserve the church was in 1984. At this time Larry Kreisman presented an application to the national historic registry to have the sanctuary placed on its list of historic places. After the city designated the sanctuary a landmark in 1985, First United won a state Supreme Court decision in 1996 that declared all religious buildings exempt from landmark status.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 the cornice was removed from the sanctuary. This was the first major change to the church itself in terms of preservation since the 1950 addition and remodel. The visual effects of this are still visible on the exterior of the church today.</p><br>
<p>Then in 2004, plans for a tower to be placed on the site gained city approval. This proposal met resistance from preservationists, as well as church officials, for its plan of tearing down the nearly 100-year-old structure. The plan was never implemented, though it led to the city asking the church about its intentions for what would happen to the land and the building. Although the church needed to sell the land to obtain the money necessary to relocate, they did not want the sanctuary itself to be torn down. Discussions continued between the church, the city, preservationists, and developers until 2007 when Kevin Daniels and his company Nitze-Stagen & Co., developed a deal.</p><br>
<p>This deal was approved by all parties. The plan was to tear down the education wing that was built in 1950. The developer would repurpose the sanctuary itself, and build an economically feasible tower in the empty space where the educational wing once stood. The church sanctuary has since been repurposed into a recital hall, and has housed concerts and other events since 2009. Demolition of the educational wing took place in 2008, and construction on the F5 Tower began in October 2014 and was completed in May 2017.</p><br>
<h2>In other media</h2><br>
<p>In the Naughty Dog video game The Last of Us Part II, the exterior of the Daniels Recital Hall is recreated in a post-apocalyptic rendition of Seattle. In the game, however, the building is the location of a synagogue that the player can enter and explore.</p><br>
<p>Trimbleville, Pennsylvania, also known as Trimble&#39;s Ford and the Trimbleville Historic District is a hamlet of roughly six homes that is located in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania, approximately two miles south of Marshallton.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Trimble first bought land in the area on the banks of the west branch of the Brandywine River in 1744; his descendants lived in the community until 1948.</p><br>
<p>During the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777, more than twelve thousand British troops under Generals William Howe and Charles Cornwallis crossed the west branch of the Brandywine at Trimbles Ford. The troops began the flanking maneuver in Kennett Square, made their first crossing at Trimbles Ford, then crossed the east branch at Jefferis Ford, before engaging the American troops near Birmingham Friends Meetinghouse.</p><br>
<p>Several buildings survive from the eighteenth century, including include the Trimble farmhouse, a mill, blacksmith and wheelwright shops, and a boarding school. The area was listed by the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The houses at 216–264 Ovington Ave. form a national historic district in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It consists of 20 contributing residential buildings built between 1908 and 1910. They are brownstone rowhouses with bowed fronts in the Neo-Renaissance style. The houses are two or three stories in height.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Senator Street Historic District is a national historic district in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It consists of 40 contributing residential buildings  built between 1906 and 1912. They are all three story brownstone rowhouses in the Neo-Renaissance style. The houses feature high stoops and full sized subterranean basements.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Uniqueness</h2><br>
<p>The street, which replaces what would otherwise be 68th Street, is named for New York State Senator Henry Cruse Murphy, who also held other elected positions.</p><br>
<p>As with the name Brooklyn, this is not the only Senator Street in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The 14th Regiment Armory, also known as the Eighth Avenue Armory and the Park Slope Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located on Eighth Avenue between 14th and 15th Streets in the South Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The building is a brick and stone castle-like structure, and designed to be reminiscent of medieval military structures in Europe. It was built in 1891–95 and was designed in the Late Victorian style by William A. Mundell.</p><br>
<p>The structure was originally built for the 14th Regiment of the New York State Militia. Since the 1980s, it has been in use as a womens homeless shelter. A veterans museum and a YMCA sports facility are also located in the armory.</p><br>
<p>The armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, and was designated a New York City landmark in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Planning</h3><br>
<p>The 14th Regiment of the New York State Militia, organized in the 1840s, was the United States&#39; most active state militia by the late 19th century. Nicknamed the "Fighting Fourteenth" and the "Red-Legged Devils", the 14th Regiment participated in numerous battles during the American Civil War. Concerns about the readiness of volunteer militia led to the passage of an "Armory Law" in 1862, during the Civil War, which called for the construction of armories statewide. However, the effort stagnated after the end of the war. The 14th Regiment moved to the Gothic-style Second Division/North Portland Avenue/State Arsenal in 1877–1878, whereupon the facility was renamed to "State Armory". The Second Division Armory, now demolished, was located at Auburn Place and North Portland Avenue in what is now Fort Greene.</p><br>
<p>In 1890–1891, the 14th Regiment Armory Commission made plans for a new armory building in the present-day neighborhood of Park Slope, along Eighth Avenue between 14th and 15th Streets, near Prospect Park. The lot measured 200 ft on Eighth Avenue and 550 ft on the side streets. At the time, the site contained a few industrial buildings. On November 25, 1890, the commission decided to buy the site. The purchase was concluded on March 11, 1891, with the Kings County government paying the Nassau Land and Improvement Company a little over $79,000. William A. Mundell was the building&#39;s architect.</p><br>
<h3>Construction and use as armory</h3><br>
<p>A budget appropriation of $300,000 was given for construction, though the lowest bid for completion of this work was $340,000. The commission asked for another $100,000 appropriation in early 1892. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle called the drastic cost increases as "a scandal of no common dimensions", and The New York Times described the armory as one of three Brooklyn armories facing extreme cost overruns, the others being the 13th Regiment Armory in Bedford–Stuyvesant and the 23rd Regiment Armory in Crown Heights. When the Commission asked for a third appropriation of $200,000 in 1893, members of the public filed lawsuits, alleging that individual counties might not have the authority to issue bonds to finance the armories&#39; construction. Construction was delayed for a year and the total cost ended up being $650,000, over twice the original allocation.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone of the building was laid on December 6, 1894, when the building was nearly complete. In 1934, during the Great Depression, the 14th Regiment Armory and Manhattan&#39;s 369th Regiment Armory were used as temporary homeless shelters.</p><br>
<h3>Conversion into sports complex and shelter</h3><br>
<p>In March 1986, part of the armory became a 70-bed women&#39;s homeless shelter called the Park Slope Armory Homeless Shelter. The shelter, one of twenty planned by mayor Ed Koch to provide facilities for 7,000 homeless people, was controversial among residents of Park Slope, who feared that the opening of the shelter would result in an increase in crime. However, by the end of the year, the Times reported no significant increases in crime around the shelter, and that there had been no incidents involving homeless women and the schoolchildren at nearby 107.</p><br>
<p>The armory continued to operate until the state&#39;s Division of Military and Naval Affairs took out most of the military presence in 1992. In 1993, the state announced that the National Guard unit at the 14th Regiment Armory would be relocated, but governor George Pataki allocated funds to keep the 8th Regiment and 14th Regiment Armories open. It was officially given to the city in April 1996. The following year, a lawyer who lived in the neighborhood started an unsuccessful campaign to close the shelter.</p><br>
<p>The building received a major renovation in 2007. A sports complex operated by the Prospect Park YMCA opened within the armory in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 14th Regiment Armory consists of a two-story administration building with a flat roof, as well as an attached 1.5-story, barrel-vaulted drill shed to its west. The front facade, along Eighth Avenue, is flanked by a pair of towers 3 and 4 stories tall. Upon the 13th, 14th, and 23rd Regiment Armories&#39; completions in the mid-1890s, the New-York Tribune stated that "these three armories are the product of a lavish expenditure... for the support and encouragement of the militia that has perhaps never been excelled."</p><br>
<p>The lot measures 200 ft on Eighth Avenue and 550 ft along 14th and 15th Streets. The building is set back slightly on its main (eastern) side, along Eighth Avenue. The intervening space is filled by a lawn, surrounded with a wrought iron fence. Both sections of the armory take up the entire 200-foot width between 14th and 15th Streets: the administration building takes up 180 ft on the eastern portion of the site, while the drill room took up the area 300 ft on the western part of the site.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>Both sections are constructed of brick, sit on a stone foundation of Warsaw bluestone, and include bluestone trim and details. On the facade, there are clusters of windows spaced at regular intervals, with between one and three round-arched windowpanes in each window cluster. Many of these window openings contain metal grilles above them.</p><br>
<p>There is a rectangular, slightly protruding pavilion in the center of the administration buildings Eighth Avenue facade, flanked by a pair of side pavilions containing five bays each. The first story of the central pavilion is faced with bluestone, and contains a large round-arched sally port on the first floor. A short flight of steps underneath the sally port lead to three recessed wooden doors at the entrance. The second floor, above the sally port, contains a slightly recessed balcony. Two asymmetrical towers, both containing a brick cornice with machicolation, are located beside the central pavilion. A four-story tower is located on the left (south) side of the central pavilion, and contains a bartizan or small turret projecting from the corner, while a three-story tower is located on the right (north) side of the central pavilion. The towers first floors are also faced with bluestone.</p><br>
<p>The 14th and 15th Street facades of the administration building include corner bastions; short projecting towers that roughly bisect this portion of the facade; and chimneys at either western corner. Each side contains nine architectural bays, and each bay contains one window on the second floor and two windows on the first floor. Counting from east to west, the short towers are located between the fifth and sixth bays on each side. These towers, as well as the corner bastions, contain one window on the second floor and three windows on the first floor.</p><br>
<p>The facades of the drill shed that face 14th and 15th Streets contain shallow buttresses, with three round arches in each buttress. On each floor, there are windows only in the buttresses central arches. Projecting sally port entrances are located on the eastern portions of the drill shed facades and contain rough-faced stone. The drill sheds western facade consists of two sections: a windowless wall on the first floor, and a slightly set-back vaulted upper portion. There are seven architectural bays on the top section, with the three central bays each containing a large arched window.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The administration buildings first floor housed a double-story drill room; an office; the armorers, cadets, and drum corps quarters; and rooms for each of the 14th Regiments companies. The second floor contained rooms for the quartermaster, board of officers, and veterans; a gymnasium; various rooms for both non-commissioned and commissioned officers, including an officers lounge; a surgeon room; officers and ladies restrooms; and a lecture & examination room. The third floor tower included a dining room and the superintendent&#39;s three-room residence.</p><br>
<p>A second set of restrooms, as well as a cue sports room and a bowling alley, were located in the basement under the drill shed.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Register of Historic Places nomination for the Armory, the administration building&#39;s distinctive architectural features included an "imposing entrance hall and main corridors with wood floors, wainscotted and plaster walls, beamed ceilings sheathed with pressed metal, and chestnut display cases." Some of the display cases still survive in the drill room. Other architectural features included Corinthian columns supporting the interior; wooden doors and ornamentation; and a Louis Comfort Tiffany stained-glass window in the main staircase, which was relocated to Staten Island in the late 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Besides housing the 14th Regiment, the Armory had previously been used for training the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1955-1956 when their regular practice grounds were too wet for training. The space was also used to store balloons for at least one Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade, and was used as a filming location for Goodfellas (1990), Donnie Brasco (1997), and Meet Joe Black (1998). Today, a veterans museum is located within the armory, as well as the Prospect Park YMCAs sports facility. A large part of the armory is also used for a womens homeless shelter, which is operated by CAMBA, a non-profit organization based in Flatbush.</p><br>
<h2>Sculpture</h2><br>
<p>A bronze sculpture of a World War I "Doughboy" stands in front of the building. It is dedicated to 360 Fourteenth Regiment soldiers who died in World War I, was donated in 1921 by Gold Star families. The memorial was installed in 1922. The sculpture is located atop a granite pedestal with an inscription reading: "Dedicated to the Men of the 14th Infantry who were engaged in World War 1917–1918". The monument was restored in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Lefferts Manor Historic District is a national historic district in Prospect Lefferts Gardens, Brooklyn, New York City. It consists of 667 contributing buildings and one contributing site , which were built between 1896 and 1935 on the subdivision established by James Lefferts in 1896. It consists entirely of single-family residential buildings, most of which are stone, brick, or brick and stone rowhouses. The district also includes a number of free-standing frame and masonry residences and garages.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992, with a boundary increase in 2017.</p><br>
<p>Park Slope Historic District is a national historic district in Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York, New York. It consists of 1,802 contributing buildings built between 1862 and about 1920. The 40-block district is almost exclusively residential and located adjacent to Prospect Park. It includes a variety of two and three story townhouses built in a variety of popular architectural styles of the late-19th and early 20th centuries. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The national historic district is overlaid by another district, designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1973. The city district was expanded in 2012 to cover 2,575 buildings stretching over part or all of around 40 city blocks, and again to the north in 2016. The historic district is New York&#39;s largest landmarked neighborhood in terms of the number of buildings.</p><br>
<p>Prospect Heights Historic District is a national historic district in Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, New York City. It consists of 305 contributing buildings built between 1865 and about 1900. The district is almost exclusively residential and includes a variety of single family rowhouses and multiple dwellings. They are in a variety of architectural styles popular in the late-19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>State Street Houses describes 23 Greek Revival and Italianate rowhouses built between 1847 and 1874 and located at 291-299  and 290-324  State Street between Smith and Hoyt Streets in the Boerum Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. The construction of the houses was part of the transformation of the formerly rural area into a fashionable new residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The houses, which are three stories high on raised basements and feature the same cornice lines and similar window heights, were designated New York City landmarks in 1973, and are the contributing properties to a national historic district which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Roller Office Supply is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was deemed significant architecturally as one of just two red brick / stone trimmed commercial buildings in Grand Forks from the 1888-1892 period .</p><br>
<p>It is an Early Commercial-style two-story brick rectangular-plan building. and</p><br>
<p>The listing was for an area of less than one acre with just the one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The property was covered in a 1981 study of Downtown Grand Forks historical resources.</p><br>
<p>The Iddings Block is a property in Grand Forks, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was one of 13 new commercial business block buildings built in Grand Forks in 1892, and is one of just two surviving from the 1888-1892 era. During 1892 to approximately 1906-1909, it was the location of Iddings and Company, the largest bookstore and stationer in the state in that period. In 1981, it housed Ruettell&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>It includes Early Commercial.</p><br>
<p>The listing was for an area of less than one acre with just one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The listing is described in its North Dakota Cultural Resources Survey document.</p><br>
<p>The Flatiron Building, built in 1906, and the Grand Forks Mercantile Co., built in 1893, are two other wholesale buildings in Grand Forks that were listed on the National Register, within the N. Third Street wholesale district.</p><br>
<p>The Prince Hall Masonic Temple in South Los Angeles area of Los Angeles, California is a historic club building associated with Prince Hall Freemasonry. As a contributing building within the 52nd Place Historic District, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The structure, built in 1926, is a two-story masonry building which has been described as "very simple in design and almost appears to be commercial in use." The building was established as the Los Angeles branch of Prince Hall Freemasonry, a tradition of separate, predominantly African-American, Freemasonry in North America.</p><br>
<p>The building was deemed to satisfy the registration requirement for club buildings set forth in a multiple property submission study, the African Americans in Los Angeles MPS. The building was deemed significant as one of two remaining Los Angeles club buildings founded by and for African Americans.</p><br>
<p>Other sites listed pursuant to the same African Americans in Los Angeles MPS include the Angelus Funeral Home, Lincoln Theater, Second Baptist Church, 28th Street YMCA, 52nd Place Historic District, 27th Street Historic District, and two historic all-black segregated fire stations (Fire Station No. 14 and Fire Station No. 30).</p><br>
<p>The Bostick Female Academy, also known as Triune School, is a property in Triune, Tennessee that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>At one time Triune had five private schools, including a Porter Female Academy that was destroyed in 1863 in the American Civil War. On the board of the Porter Female Academy was a Dr. Jonathan Bostick, a planter who later bequeathed funds to establish a female academy in Tennessee. This was to replace the Porter Academy. Following delays due to litigation of Bostick&#39;s will, the Bostick Female Academy was built and opened in 1892.</p><br>
<p>The school building was designed in a Late Victorian style of architecture. The listing was for an area of 2 acre with just one contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The building is an L-shaped building built in c.1892.</p><br>
<p>The building operated as a private school until about 1900, then as a public school until 1957. Since then it has been used as a private home.</p><br>
<p>General Artemas Ward is a bronze statue of American Revolutionary War general Artemas Ward. It is sited in the center of Ward Circle, which was specifically made for the statue, at the intersection of Nebraska and Massachusetts Avenue in the American University Park neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The 10 ft statue of Ward was completed in 1936, but was not unveiled for two years. Ward was the first Commander-in-Chief of colonial forces during the Revolutionary War and served in a number of government roles, including as representative to the United States House of Representatives.</p><br>
<p>Congress authorized the installation of a statue in 1928. Sculptor Leonard Crunelle from Chicago was chosen to create the statue. The pedestal was made from granite from Stony Creek, Connecticut. The president and fellows of Harvard College donated the funds to cover the cost of the statue. The donation fulfilled the terms of the will of Artemus Ward, an alumnus of Harvard and the great-grandson of Major General Artemus Ward, who donated $5,000,000 to the university. The statue was unveiled on November 3, 1938, by the great-great-great-granddaughter of Ward. Secretary of War Harry Hines Woodring spoke at the unveiling and accepted it on behalf of the president and the nation. The figure of Ward is wearing a Revolutionary War general&#39;s uniform, with a hat and gloves in his left hand, and a cannon at his feet.</p><br>
<p>The Ward statue is one of 14 American Revolution statues in Washington, D.C., that were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. They were listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites the following year.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Biography</h3><br>
<p>Artemas Ward was born on November 26, 1727, in Shrewsbury, Province of Massachusetts Bay (today&#39;s Massachusetts). His father found success in various careers, including local and state government jobs. Ward attended common schools followed by Harvard College, where he graduated in 1748 and briefly taught. He married Sarah Trowbridge in 1750, with whom he had eight children. In 1752, Ward was appointed Justice of the Peace and later elected to the Massachusetts Provincial Assembly, where he served for numerous terms.</p><br>
<p>When the French and Indian War broke out, Ward split his time between fighting the enemy and serving in the Massachusetts General Court. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in the Provincial Army during the war. After the wars conclusion, Ward moved back to his hometown and worked in the local court system. A year before the American Revolutionary War began in 1775, Ward was commissioned as a Brigadier General by the Massachusetts Provincial Congress on October 27, 1774. Ward was promoted to Commander in Chief of Massachusetts colonial army on May 19, 1775. The next month the Continental Congress promoted him to Major General. George Washington was the only military officer who held seniority over Ward. He led forces defending Boston during the siege of the city until the arrival of Washington. His health deteriorated during the war, resulting in him giving orders from his bed to acting officers. Ward retired from the military in 1777, citing health reasons.</p><br>
<p>Ward was well enough to serve in the Continental Congress from 1780-1782, and also served as president of the Massachusetts Governor&#39;s Council. He was repeatedly elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives and eventually became Speaker of the Massachusetts House in 1786. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1791 and served two terms. Ward retired from public life in 1797, spending his last few years in Shrewsbury until his death on October 28, 1800.</p><br>
<h3>Memorial and dedication</h3><br>
<h4>Memorial plans</h4><br>
<p>Wards accomplishments were often overlooked by historians and the public, despite him being the first Commander-in-Chief of colonial forces in the Revolutionary War. His great-grandson, also named Artemas Ward, bequeathed $5,000,000 to Harvard University, on the grounds that Wards home be maintained and turned into a museum, and by other means which would highlight Wards contribution to USA history. Officials at Harvard chose to commission a statue of Ward, one that would be located in the nations capital. The person the United States Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) chose to create the statue was Leonard Crunelle, a sculptor from Chicago, whose other works include the statue of Richard J. Oglesby, the Victory Monument, and the Heald Square Monument.</p><br>
<p>With assistance from another descendant, Florence Ward, Crunelle was able to see some of Ward&#39;s original clothing, including his sash.</p><br>
<p>Due to the rising costs of bronze, the equestrian design was changed to Ward standing. In June 1935 the CFA approved the statue&#39;s final design. In September 1937, the National Capital Parks issued a permit for the statue and announced the traffic circle would be named Ward Circle.</p><br>
<h4>Dedication</h4><br>
<p>In October 1938, it was announced the recently installed Ward statue, which was completed in July 1936, would be dedicated the following month. It was noted that for many years the number of people who participated in the Revolutionary War and were honored with a statue or memorial in Washington, D.C., were underrepresented compared to the prominently-placed statues from the Civil War. On November 3, 1938, the unveiling and dedication ceremony took place, attended by military and government officials, active military, and members of the public.</p><br>
<p>A small viewing stand was built inside the circle and Frederic Adrian Delano, chairman of the National Capital Planning Commission, served as head of ceremonies. The event started with the playing of My Country, Tis of Thee by the United States Army Band, as a cavalry troop stood at attention. Wards great-great-great granddaughter pulled a patriotic-colored rope to unveil the statue. The main speech was given by Harvard Universitys Henry Lee Shattuck, who talked about Wards life and his contributions during and after the Revolutionary War. Secretary of War Harry Hines Woodring accepted the statue on behalf of the president and the nation. Woodring said "The Army of the United States holds in peculiar honor the man under whose command the forces of liberty were first rallied in Massachusetts." Also in attendance were Crunelle, Gilmore David Clarke from the CFA, Chancellor Joseph M. M. Gray from American University, and former Assistant Attorney General Charles R. Warren.</p><br>
<h4>Later history</h4><br>
<p>The statue of Ward is one of 14 American Revolution statues that were collectively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 1978. The following year the statues were added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on March 3, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Location and design</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Ward statue is located in the center of Ward Circle, a traffic circle at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue NW and Nebraska Avenue NW in the American University Park neighborhood of Washington, D.C. The statue and other areas of the park measure 30,000 square-feet (2,787 sq m). Due to its location in a busy traffic circle, the statue is difficult for pedestrians to visit. The statue and park are owned and maintained by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<h3>Design</h3><br>
<p>The statue is made of bronze and measures 10-feet (3 m) tall, 5-feet (1.5 m) long, and 4-feet (1.2 m) wide. The granite pedestal, made from Stony Creek granite, shares the same measurements.</p><br>
<p>The base of the statue bears the inscription:</p><br>
<p>Mystic Cottage is a historic USA home located at 105 Magnolia Road, Pinehurst, North Carolina. It was the first home of the Leonard Tufts family in Pinehurst. Tufts took over from father James Walker Tufts and was followed by son Richard Tufts, in running the Pinehurst Resort.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was described in 1900 as elaborate, with 14 rooms and all the modern improvements. The three-story building has a wrap around porch. The porch was extended to the second story later. It is now used for commercial purposes. The cottage is part of the Pinehurst Historic District, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The district became a National Historic Landmark District in 1996.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s Cathedral is the cathedral and parish church in the Diocese of Cheyenne located in Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Reverend William Kelly founded the parish as St. John the Baptist in 1867 and erected a frame church. Ten years later, a brick structure replaced it. After Pope Leo XIII established the Diocese of Cheyenne in 1887 the church was rededicated to St. Mary. The congregation outgrew the brick church and Bishop James J. Keane, third bishop of Cheyenne, started plans to build a new cathedral and bishop&#39;s residence.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the new cathedral began in 1906. The architectural firm of Fisher and Lowery from Omaha designed the building. Bishop Keane and the Reverend James A. Duffy acquired the necessary funds and a site for construction. An estimated 5,000 people attended the laying of the cornerstone on Sunday, July 7, 1907. Prominent Wyoming builder Moses Patrick Keefe was responsible for constructing the cathedral. The sandstone for the exterior was quarried at Iron Mountain, north of Cheyenne. On January 31, 1909, Bishop Maurice Burke of St. Joseph, Missouri, who had been the first bishop of Cheyenne, consecrated the cathedral. Bishop John Carroll of Helena, Montana delivered the sermon.</p><br>
<p>The 135 by cathedral is in the Gothic Revival style and features two side galleries and a rear organ loft. The ceiling is supported by steel and concrete arches faced with oak.</p><br>
<p>The total construction costs equaled $125,000, and the building was debt-free when completed. The stained glass windows are donated memorials crafted in Europe. The large Madonna window in the organ loft was a gift of the Knights of Columbus. Parish records do not contain information about the artists or installation dates. In 1962, the parish added a structure east of the cathedral to house meeting and activity rooms at a cost of $200,000.</p><br>
<p>The Visser-Rowland Organ Company constructed its Opus 92 for the cathedral in 1991. The instrument features 38 stops and 53 ranks and was dedicated in March, 1992.</p><br>
<p>Woeber Carriage Works, also known as the G. Hager & Co. Carriage Works and the Davenport Plow Works, is a historic building located on Lot 3, Block 20 of the original town of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties on November 15, 2000. In 2020 it was included as a contributing property in the Davenport Downtown Commercial Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1881 for the Davenport Plow Works. The property was formerly the location for First Presbyterian Church. The Classified Business Directory of August 1881 indicates the company was located at 310-324 W. 3rd Street. The 1886 Sanborn Fire Insurance map indicates that the building at 312 W. Third Street housed a machine shop, "setting up" and storage on all three floors of the front section. The stone structure attached to the rear of the building, built in 1857, housed polishing and grinding on the first floor and storage on the second floor. The rest of the Davenport Plow Works was in the building immediately to the west.</p><br>
<p>After the plow works failed, Davenport attorney and real estate investor C.A. Ficke bought the building in 1889 and renovated it to lease to tenants. Various businesses have occupied the building. Peter A. Reimers and James Larkin occupied the building from 1898–1910, with P.A. Reimers, who manufactured cornices, skylights, slate, and metal roofs, occupying it for a further year. The Benner Tea Co. (1915–1918), Federal System of Bakeries (1920), the Chicago Butchers Market Co. (1925), Safe-Way Markets (1930), and Atlas Cigar (1940) all occupied the building. A nightclub by the name of the Carriage Haus now occupies the building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is three stories and constructed of brick in a restrained Italianate style. Its foundation is likely constructed of stone. There is a two-story structure attached to the rear. The brick portion of the building is rectangular in shape with a flat roof. The façade is divided into three parts: the storefront, the upper wall, and the cornice. The building retains its original dual entrances, which were not always recessed, and the exposed steel beam that separates the storefront from the top two stories. The windows on the upper floors are organized in two sets of three on both floors. It emphasizes the two sides of the building. Each window features a segmentally arched header and a stone sill. The cornice is composed of patterned brickwork.</p><br>
<p>The stone structure in the back is a rectangular vernacular structure that features a hipped roof. The double-hung windows are the dominant feature of the structure.</p><br>
<h2>Company</h2><br>
<p>The Woeber Brothers Carriage Works was formed when Adam Woeber acquired his brothers&#39; Davenport-based wagon manufacturing firm in 1872, which had been operating since the 1850s. The company specialized in building commercial wagons as well as other vehicles and heavy equipment.</p><br>
<p>The Paulding County Carnegie Library is a historic Carnegie library in the village of Paulding, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the early twentieth century, it is a simple building that has served as the core of Paulding County&#39;s library system since its construction, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As late as the 1890s, Paulding lacked a library of any sort. Finding this situation undesirable, members of a local women&#39;s club subscribed money to establish a small collection in 1893. Ten years later, multiple groups of local citizens met to organize a public library, which began with a collection of six hundred books. In its earliest years, the library had no fixed home: it itinerated among downtown storefronts and different homes, including the house of the librarian herself.</p><br>
<p>In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the construction of public libraries was proceeding rapidly, due in part to the generosity of steel tycoon Andrew Carnegie. Many large and small cities, such as the Ohio communities of Columbus and East Liverpool, constructed libraries with money donated by Carnegie, but none had been built in small villages such as Paulding. Nevertheless, local residents worked to secure money from Carnegie, and their efforts succeeded where all before them had failed: his grant provided for the establishment of a library to serve the entirety of Paulding County. Built with this donation, the Paulding County Carnegie Library was the first Carnegie library to serve an entire county instead of a single city.</p><br>
<p>The process of obtaining the money for the library and constructing the building with the resulting funds occupied approximately three years, beginning in 1912 and concluding in 1914. Since its completion, the library has never been significantly modified, and it remains a significant part of the community. Located on South Main Street near downtown, the library remains one of Paulding&#39;s most important community buildings and a center of local pride.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In 1911, Andrew Carnegies private secretary, James Bertram, published a set of guidelines that he saw as ideal for library architecture. Since three years previously, he had required libraries to submit plans for his approval before releasing money, due to what he saw as overly ornate designs being built with his employers money. The Paulding County Carnegie Library is one of the best examples of Bertram&#39;s guidelines: instead of ornate entryways and runaway detailing, its design maximizes the amount of space devoted to the interior, and the floor plan is designed for maximum efficiency. The library board chose a design submitted by a Columbus company, Howard and Merriam, which had already produced the design for the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center.</p><br>
<p>Howard and Merriam chose a design built primarily with brick walls and elements of stone. Although the main floor is elevated above ground level, the building is a single-story structure; its full basement is elevated partially above the surface of the ground. The brickwork is primarily built in a French fashion; the gray bricks are matched by details of similarly colored limestone from Bedford, Indiana. Patrons enter the library by climbing a stairway with a stone balustrade to a central entrance that sits within a stone archway; small Palladian windows with stone pediments are placed on each side of the entrance. Among the details visible on the building&#39;s exterior are pilasters on all of its corners, string courses that parallel the lintels, multiple cartouches, and an elaborate cornice. Inside, the library features six rooms: three large book rooms, a vestibule, a lobby, and an office. The design of the interior includes elements such as marble in the vestibule, oak panels and decorations in the reading rooms, fireplaces, and Tuscan pilasters. Although its architecture is restrained, the library remains a fine example of Neoclassical architecture with a Beaux-Arts influence.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In 1983, the Paulding County Carnegie Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture and its place in local history. Most important to its place in local history was its role as the first county-level Carnegie library: its establishment prompted many other small communities to apply for library grants from the Carnegie Corporation, making it an example of the spread of the self-improvement and adult education movements to rural areas in the early twentieth century. Today, the library is one of four Paulding County historic sites on the National Register, along with the nearby Paulding County Courthouse, the former train station in Antwerp, and a round barn near Paulding.</p><br>
<p>The Paulding County Carnegie Library is the center of the Paulding County library system, which also operates branches in the villages of Antwerp, Oakwood, and Payne.</p><br>
<p>The Shriner Peak Fire Lookout is a fire lookout tower in Mount Rainier National Park. Built in 1932 to a standard design by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs, the wood-frame lookout features a ground-floor storage room and an upper-level lookout and living space with windows on all four sides. A balcony extended around the perimeter of the upper level. The Shriner Peak Lookout is one of four surviving lookout stations in the park.</p><br>
<p>The lookout was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Bank Street Historic District is a group of four attached brick commercial buildings in different architectural styles on that street in Waterbury, Connecticut, United States. They were built over a 20-year period around the end of the 19th century, when Waterbury was a prosperous, growing industrial center. In 1983 they were recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Among the four is a rare Queen Anne Style commercial building, and one of the only three Richardsonian Romanesque commercial buildings in the city. Some of Waterbury&#39;s leading architects of the time were among the designers. The four have remained intact even as later, modern development interceded between them and the contemporary buildings elsewhere downtown.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The four buildings and their respective lots occupy an area of a quarter-acre, or a thousand square meters, most of which is covered by their footprints, at 207–231 Bank Street. This is on the east side of Bank between Grand Street and the Interstate 84 viaduct. The terrain slopes slightly to the south.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is densely developed and urban. A large modern commercial block is across the street. Driveways on the north and south give access to parking lots behind the buildings and separate the row from other modern buildings.</p><br>
<p>At the ends of the block small rows of trees buffer both Grand and the interstate. To the northeast is a small park at Grand and South Main Street. The Bank and Grand intersection is the southeast corner of the much larger Downtown Waterbury Historic District, with a concentration of buildings from the same era as the Bank Street buildings. A block to the west are the five public and private buildings, including City Hall, originally designed by Cass Gilbert as the Waterbury Municipal Center Complex.</p><br>
<p>All four buildings are at least four stories high. Three are faced in brick, and one in brownstone, with glass storefronts at street level. Small trees are planted at intervals along with sidewalk. They are all considered contributing properties.</p><br>
<h3>Pritchard Building</h3><br>
<p>The northernmost of the four is at 207–211 Bank Street. This four-story building is the only one of the four to have its west (front) facade in brownstone, done in a rough surface with granite trim, per its Richardsonian Romanesque styling. A main entrance is centrally located between two storefronts; it is topped by two iron plates with rosettes. All upper levels are fenestrated with two bays of paired windows, quoined at the sides, in modern one-over-one double-hung sash. The first and second stories are set off by heavy brownstone lintels; the third and fourth divided by a checkerboard pattern of small alternating granite and brownstone blocks. The second and third stories also have small terra cotta moldings below.</p><br>
<p>At the fourth story the rounded windows are topped with banded segmental arches. A parapet with two tiers of recessed panels is at the roofline. At either end are small pyramidal towers with crocket finials. The interior has been extensively renovated but some original wainscoting and window trim is left on the third floor.</p><br>
<h3>Whittemore Building</h3><br>
<p>The Whittemore is the next building south of the Pritchard, at 213–219 Bank Street. The last of the four built, it is a four-story Georgian Revival brick building. At the four-bay facade&#39;s street level are two storefronts, with entrances in the middle and at the south. Original cast iron pilasters with a curving, interlaced motif support a modillioned cornice of the same material.</p><br>
<p>Above, all three stories have a similar treatment. The middle two windows are wider than those on the ends. All have molded limestone sills and splayed lintels with prominent keyblocks. They are filled with eight-over-one double-hung sash; the three-part center windows have four-over-one on the sides. A continuous modillioned cornice forms the sill of the fourth-story windows. Raised brickwork at the corners suggests quoins.</p><br>
<p>At the top of the facade is an entablature with a wide dentilled and modillioned frieze below a molded overhanging cornice. Inside, the interiors are continuous with the Pritchard Building. Molded window frames on the upper floors are the only original interior finishes remaining.</p><br>
<h3>Griggs Building</h3><br>
<p>At 221–227 Bank is the Griggs Building, the largest and most ornate of the four. A steeply pitched hipped roof gives this a fifth story. That feature, its generally irregular juxtapositions of shapes and forms and its heavily decorated facade mark it as a rare commercial application of the Queen Anne Style, much more commonly used for houses during its peak period in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>On the ground floor, much of the Griggs original cast iron storefront remains. Ionic pilasters with fluted necks and intricately carved panels with a foliate motif above the middle support a stone lintel. The northernmost pilaster also includes the monogram of the buildings original owner. The entrances themselves are topped by arched transoms with fans carved in the spandrels.</p><br>
<p>A cornice with egg and dart molding above the lintel further sets off the upper stories. The facade has, on the next three stories, a group of three windows on either side of a slightly recessed central bay blind except for a large terra cotta tablet on the second story with the inscription "Griggs Building". Above it, on the third story, is another tablet with the date of construction, 1884, in a frame topped by a pediment.</p><br>
<p>Corinthian pilasters divide the windows on all three stories, supporting a plain entablature running across all three. Below the third- and fourth-story windows are terra cotta panels with a festoon carving in the middle surrounded by bead and reel, a motif that continues in the pilaster capitals. The lintels have an unusual ogee curve on their lower edge. All upper-story windows are one-over-one sash with stained glass border panes in the upper section.</p><br>
<p>The fourth story&#39;s round-arched windows have an otherwise similar treatment with some differences in detailing. The panels below are more detailed than their third story counterparts, with a spiral foliate decoration at the center and owls at the sides. The pilasters are similar, with a stringcourse of dentils at the impost line and hood molds over the arches. These break the main cornice, along with the brick piers at the corners and center bay. The windows themselves have stained glass border panes in the upper section.</p><br>
<p>From large foot scrolls on the arch tops spring the three pilasters that frame the two recessed 16-pane windows in each of the gabled dormers that pierce the roof, finished in fish-scale slate. Similar large stone scrolls form the sides of the dormers. The pilasters support a denticulated cornice, creating a pediment with an elaborate carved vine pattern. Crowning the house are brick chimneys rising above the roof from both ends, continuing the side wall.</p><br>
<p>As with the other buildings, the interior has been heavily renovated over time and most of the original finishes that remain are in the upper stories. Two skylit staircases, with turned balusters and newels and a curved molded handrail rise to the upper story in the front and rear. Off them, the hallways have simple wainscoting. Fireplaces in the front rooms have a mix of classical, Italianate and Eastlake decorative touches.</p><br>
<h3>Republican Building</h3><br>
<p>The southernmost of the group at 229–231 Bank Street, the Republican is named after one of Waterbury&#39;s daily newspapers at the time, one of the papers that merged to form the present-day Republican-American, which used it as an office. It is the shortest of the buildings, faced in brick at three and a half stories tall, four bays wide, in an eclectic mix of styles.</p><br>
<p>Its modern storefront features fluted and paneled pilasters around the main entrance and a lintel with applied geometric designs. Both stories above it have nine-over-one double-hung sash between granite sills and lintels in all four bays. In the center of the third story is a three-part semicircular window set in a splayed-brick arch, its middle section two-over-two sash.</p><br>
<p>The restrained facade is countered by a decorative peaked parapet above the semicircular window. It starts with a band of terra cotta panels in alternating circular and foliate motifs between sawtooth brick courses. Above them is a corbeled tier, with similar features serving as end brackets.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the building mostly serves as the restaurant and offices. The ground floor has been extensively remodeled to that use. Its pressed-metal ceiling is original, as are the turned balusters on the stairway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1880s Bank Street south of Grand was undeveloped, a de facto buffer between the industrial areas to the south and the commercial and civic core of downtown to the north. Some of Waterburys wealthier citizens owned the lots, intending to build large houses. The citys growth made them realize that downtown would continue to expand and that the lots would be better developed as commercial property. They built houses instead in the Hill neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Henry C. Griggs, cofounder of the Smith and Griggs Manufacturing Company and a two-term member of the Connecticut General Assembly, which made small items like corset fasteners from the brass the city produced in great abundance, sold part of his lot to Republican editor J. Henry Morrow in 1883. Morrow built the building, the first of the four now in the district, to accommodate not only the paper&#39;s printing presses and editorial offices but its printing business. Stylistically it reflects different influences of the time. The corbelling and terra cotta panels are typical Victorian decorations, while the fanlight and fenestration anticipate the Colonial Revival style by a few decades.</p><br>
<p>The following year Griggs developed his remaining property. He hired Robert W. Hill, a former student of Henry Austin who was one of Waterburys most accomplished architects of the time, with many public buildings around Connecticut to his credit. Hills building for Griggs was a rare use of the Queen Anne style in a commercial building. The varied surfaces, rich decoration and mixture of curved and rectilinear mark it as particularly high in that style.</p><br>
<p>Also in 1884, the Pritchard family developed its lot to the north. They hired Joseph A. Jackson, the son of an Irish immigrant carpenter who had studied under Hill and become another of Waterbury&#39;s leading architects. The rough stone facing and round arches are typical of the Romanesque Revival style popular at the time, as interpreted by Henry Hobson Richardson.</p><br>
<p>Griggs had apparently hoped the building would be among the most desirable locations in Waterbury, but he was never able to attract that kind of tenant. Shortly after it opened, the Franklin Hotel moved in from a few blocks away. At the ground level it was home to a piano tuner, photographer&#39;s studio and billiards parlor. Next door, the Republican moved out in 1896. Morrow continued to rent the building, and it eventually acquired his name.</p><br>
<p>The Pritchards sold their building in 1901. John Whittemore, the new owner, was another successful Waterbury industrialist who dabbled in real estate. In 1904, he added the south wing, designed by Henry Griggs son Walter, who by then was also a part-owner of his fathers building to the south. He had become one of the citys most accomplished architects, later to build such downtown landmarks as the nearby county courthouse, the Elton Hotel and the Lilley Building, Waterburys first steel frame commercial structure. The Georgian Revival structure he designed for his neighbor is an exemplary modest commercial effort, with its brick facing, small-pane windows and classically inspired cornice typifying a style he did not usually work in.</p><br>
<p>Later a northern addition, since demolished, was built. The entire building was known and rented as the Pritchard Block. At the time the district was listed on the Register in the early 1980s, a billboard was on the outside of the fourth floor of the Griggs building; it has since been removed.</p><br>
<p>Brooks and Hewitt Halls are historic dormitory buildings located on the campus of Barnard College in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. Brooks Hall was designed by Charles A. Rich  and built in 1906–1907. It is a seven and one half story, red Harvard brick building on a granite foundation with limestone and terra cotta trim. It features a sloping Spanish tile roof with hip-roof dormer windows. Hewitt Hall, named for Abram S. Hewitt, was designed by McKim, Mead & White and built in 1926–1927. It is a seven-story, red Harvard brick building with a sloping copper clad roof.</p><br>
<p>They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Ivey Delph Apartments is a historic apartment building in Hamilton Heights, Manhattan, New York City. It was designed by noted African American architect Vertner Woodson Tandy  in 1948 and completed in 1951. It is a six-story, beige brick and concrete building in the Moderne style. It is a three bay wide building and the center bay features projecting balconies with curved ends and topped by curved iron railings with two horizontal bars. It is located within the Hamilton Heights Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Milbank, Brinckerhoff, and Fiske Halls are historic buildings located on the campus of Barnard College in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York City. The three interconnected buildings are collectively known as Milbank Hall. They were designed by Charles A. Rich , built between 1897 and 1898, and contain classrooms, laboratories, administrative offices and dormitory. They are four stories on a raised basement built of dark red brick with white limestone and terra cotta details. They combine Italian Renaissance massing and detail with Colonial Revival inspired features. The roof of Milbank Hall houses the Arthur Ross Greenhouse.</p><br>
<p>They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Langston Hughes House is a historic home located in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. It is an Italianate style dwelling built in 1869. It is a three-story-with-basement, rowhouse faced in brownstone and measuring 20 feet wide and 45 feet deep. Noted African American poet and author Langston Hughes  occupied the top floor as his workroom from 1947 to 1967.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and was designated as a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Barnard Hall, originally known as Student&#39;s Hall, is a historic educational building located on the campus of Barnard College in Morningside Heights, New York, New York. It was designed by Arnold W. Brunner and Buchman & Fox in 1916, and contains classrooms. It is four stories on a raised basement built of dark red brick with white limestone and terra cotta details. It combines Italian Renaissance massing and detail with Colonial Revival inspired features. The front facade features a three-story limestone portico with four monumental Corinthian order columns.</p><br>
<p>The hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The Longmire Campground Comfort Stations were built in the early and mid-1930s in Mount Rainier National Park to provide public toilet facilities to automobile tourists camping in the park at Longmire. Essentially the same in design, the facilities were designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs. Their construction was supervised by park landscape architect Ernest A. Davidson. The timber-frame buildings followed the tenets of the prevailing National Park Service Rustic style.</p><br>
<p>The comfort stations form a part of the Longmire Historic District, which is itself within the Mount Rainier National Park National Historic Landmark District, comprising the entire park. They are each individually listed on National Register of Historic Places, as of March 13, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Altair Campground Community Kitchen, also known as Altaire Campground Community Kitchen, was built in Olympic National Park, Washington, United States, to serve the Altair Campground. It is an open rectangular shelter built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps personnel from the Elwha River Camp in the National Park Service Rustic style.</p><br>
<p>Located near the Elwha River, the peeled log structure is capped with a cedar shake roof, enclosing a cooking fireplace and chimney. It measures about 28 ft by 17 ft, with a stone cooking fireplace in the middle, rising through the roof. The lower portions of the log columns have been replaced with concrete piers due to deterioration, and the original peeled log railings have disappeared.</p><br>
<p>The Altair and Elwha Campground Community Kitchens are the only such structures remaining in Olympic National Park. The Altair campground was named after the USS Altair, whose crew regularly used the site in the 1920s and 1930s. The kitchen structure was listed on National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<p>By 2014 the Elwha Dam and all other dams along the Elwha River were removed. When the river flooded in November 2015, both Altair and Elwha Campgrounds were severely damaged by water. National Park Service has no plans to restore the two campgrounds.</p><br>
<p>As of May 2023, rangers at Olympic National Park confirmed the Altair Kitchen was under about 9 feet of sediment, and the Elwha Kitchen is completely covered in sediment from the Elwha River.</p><br>
<p>The Elwha Campground Community Kitchen was built in Olympic National Park to serve the Altair Campground. It is an open octagonal shelter built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps personnel from the Elwha River Camp in the National Park Service Rustic style. The peeled log structure is capped with a cedar shake roof, enclosing a cooking fireplace and chimney. The Elwha and Altair Campground Community Kitchens are the only such structures remaining in Olympic National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Elwha Ranger Station and the Altair Campground Community Kitchen are located nearby on the banks of the Elwha. The lower portions of the log posts have deteriorated and have been replaced with concrete piers.</p><br>
<p>The kitchen structure was listed on National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<p>By 2014 the Elwha Dam and all other dams along the Elwha River were removed. When the river flooded in November 2015, both Altair and Elwha Campgrounds were severely damaged by water. National Park Service has no plans to restore the two campgrounds. The actual state of buildings in the two areas is not clear.</p><br>
<p>The Harry Belafonte 115th Street Branch of the New York Public Library is a historic library building located in Harlem, New York City. It was designed by McKim, Mead & White and built in 1907&ndash;1908 and opened on November 6, 1908. The branch served as Harlem cultural center and hub of organizing efforts.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Another branch of the Library, the Schomburg Center holds Belafonte&#39;s archives.</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton Grange Branch of the New York Public Library is a historic library building located in Hamilton Heights, Manhattan, New York City. It was designed by McKim, Mead & White and built in 1905–1906. The branch was one of 65 built by the New York Public Library with funds provided by the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, 11 of them designed by McKim, Mead & White. It is a three-story-high, five-bay-wide building faced in deeply rusticated gray limestone in an Italian Renaissance style. The building features round arched openings on the first floor and bronze lamps and grilles.</p><br>
<p>It was designated a New York City Landmark in 1970 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The Dyckman-Hillside Substation, also known as Substation 17, is a historic electrical substation located at 127-129 Hillside Avenue between Sickles Street and Nagle Avenue, near the Dyckman Street station of the New York City Subway&#39;s IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, in Inwood, Manhattan, New York City. It was one of eight substations constructed by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company in 1904–05.</p><br>
<p>The substation is a two-story, freestanding masonry building in the Beaux-Arts style. It features a hipped roof, tower-like projections, scrolled wrought iron brackets, and terra cotta decorative details.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Substation 219, also known as the Harlem Substation, is a historic electrical substation located in Harlem, New York, New York. It was constructed by the Independent Subway System in 1932 to provide power to the IND Eighth Avenue Line. It is a single-story, double-height masonry building in the Art Deco style. It features a low brick parapet topped by a band of limestone coping and a limestone frieze consisting of diamond-shaped limestone pieces and a brick chevron pattern. The main entrance doors are faced in aluminium and incorporate Art Deco-style geometric motifs.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Dodger Point Fire Lookout was built in 1933 in Olympic National Park as a fire observation station. The single-story frame structure is located on the peak of Dodger Point above the timber line at an elevation of 5,753 ft. Measuring 14 ft by 14 ft, it is clad in wood clapboards and has a simple pitched roof covered with wood shakes. Large windows on all four sides are covered by awning-style wood shutters. It was built by the USA Forest Service in what was at the time Olympic National Forest, possibly with assistance from the Civilian Conservation Corps. During World War II, the lookout was used as an Aircraft Warning Service station. Dodger Point and Pyramid Peak Lookout are the only such stations remaining in Olympic National Park out of thirteen constructed.</p><br>
<p>The Dodger Point Lookout was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Pyramid Peak Aircraft Warning Service Lookout was built in the fall of 1942 in Olympic National Park to function as a spotter station guarding against intrusions by Japanese aircraft during World War II. The single-story frame structure is located on the southern side of Pyramid Peak. Funded by the USA Army, it was built by National Park Service employees Joe and Rena Shurnick as one of thirteen such sites within the present Olympic National Park. The 13 by shed is clad in wood shingles and has a simple pitched roof covered with wood shakes. A small woodshed is located just to the north. There are unglazed window openings on each side of the shelter. The lookout was used as an Aircraft Warning Service station until June 1944, when the AWS was abandoned. Pyramid Peak and Dodger Point Fire Lookout are the only such stations remaining in Olympic National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Pyramid Peak Lookout was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Aircraft Warning Service Observation Tower in Agnew, Washington was built in 1941 as a spotting station for Aircraft Warning Service volunteers watching for intruding Japanese airplanes during World War II. The tower&#39;s original site was near Dungeness, but in 1992 the tower was moved to its present location.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 35 ft wood-frame tower was built from donated materials behind the Fred and Jean Cook farmhouse, overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Jean Cook, as "chief observer," organized a team of 300 people to maintain a 24-hour watch. The site reported to the Port Angeles "filter center," which compiled observer reports for transmission on to the USA Army. The AWS program operated from 1941 to October 1943. Most towers were dismantled or neglected after the war. The Cook tower is the only remaining such facility in Clallam County, Washington. Owing to liability concerns, the tower was partially dismantled and moved to the property of Harriet U. Fish, who had served at the Seattle filter center. It was re-erected and repaired.</p><br>
<p>The wood-frame tower&#39;s plan measures about 8 ft by 8.5 ft, with three stories, each a single room accessed by an exterior door from the outside stairway. Windows are provided at each level, with larger windows on the top level, surrounded by a balcony. The lower levels are covered in board-and-batten siding, with wide clapboards on the top level. The roof is a pitched gable structure with deep eaves.</p><br>
<p>The tower was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 29, 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Elwha Ranger Station is a historic district in Olympic National Park, originally built in the 1930s for the USA Forest Service. The complex of fourteen buildings is divided in two by Olympic Hotsprings Road. To the east lie the ranger station and three residences, with nine maintenance buildings on the west side of the road. The complex was turned over to the National Park Service in 1940 when the land was added to Olympic National Park from Olympic National Forest. Construction is typical of USFS practice, and reflects the Forest Service&#39;s preference of the time for bungalow and American Craftsman style architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Elwha area was designated as one of fifteen areas in Olympic National Forest to be used for public recreation. The "Cleator Plan," named after Forest Service recreation engineer Fred W. Cleator, envisioned the construction of appropriate structures to support these activities, including a ranger station. In the mid-1930s a Civilian Conservation Corps camp was established nearby, contributing labor for forest construction projects. When the area was taken over by the National Park Service in 1940 the complex continued in use virtually unchanged, retaining its Forest Service character.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The historic district comprises 13 contributing buildings, built between 1930 and 1936.</p><br>
<p>The Elwha Ranger Station Office (48.01657&deg; latitude, -123.59002&deg; longitude) was built in 1932. The one-story wood-frame structure is covered with half-log siding on the lower walls in two widths and shingles on the gables. The building is irregular in shape, with porches on the south and west sides, supported by log columns. The Ranger Station Residence (48.01714&deg; latitude, -123.59&deg; longitude) was also built in 1932. The -story frame structure is similar in construction and materials, located a little distance away from the office. The Mechanic&#39;s House (48.0165&deg; latitude, -123.58915&deg; longitude) had previously been built in 1930. This -story building is similar to the others. A matching woodshed is nearby (48.01654&deg; latitude, -123.58901&deg; longitude). The Bunkhouse (48.0163&deg; latitude, -123.58954&deg; longitude) was built in 1932, measuring 22 ft by 30 m. The -story structure is of similar construction to the others, with its own woodshed (48.01621&deg; latitude, -123.58938&deg; longitude).</p><br>
<p>The maintenance area across the road includes the 1930 fire cache building (48.01658&deg; latitude, -123.59093&deg; longitude), equipment shed (48.01674&deg; latitude, -123.59134&deg; longitude), equipment repair shop (48.0165&deg; latitude, -123.59151&deg; longitude) and horse barn (48.01696&deg; latitude, -123.59108&deg; longitude), all of wood-frame construction. The two-story barn is covered with board-and-batten siding and has a distinctive Forest Service character. 1936 buildings include the gas and oil building (48.01629&deg; latitude, -123.59079&deg; longitude), constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps, an equipment shed (48.01624&deg; latitude, -123.5913&deg; longitude) that was moved in 1948 from the Elwha CCC camp, and a smaller lean-to shed (48.01629&deg; latitude, -123.59161&deg; longitude). The oil and grease building has a residential character, with stylized pine tree cut-outs in the gables and curved support brackets on the front porch. The equipment sheds are large gabled -story buildings with exposed rafter tails and prominent gable dormers.</p><br>
<p>The Elwha Ranger Station complex was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1997. The district is located between the NRHP-listed Elwha and Altair community kitchens.</p><br>
<p>Isabella Furnace was a cold blast charcoal iron furnace located in West Nantmeal Township, Pennsylvania. The furnace was named for Isabella Potts, wife of one of the partners, a member of the Potts ironmaking family. Isabella was the last iron furnace to be built in the county, in 1835, and was operated by members of the Potts family and their partners until 1855, when they lost control of it in a bankruptcy. It returned to the family in 1881, when it was purchased by Col. Joseph Potts , who modernized it. The furnace, the last to operate in Chester County, went out of blast in 1894, a few months after Col. Potts death, but remained largely intact until after his sons death in 1943. The remains of the furnace complex have been listed in the National Register of Historic Places since 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original operators of the furnace were Henry Potts and his brother-in-law (and second cousin) John Potts Rutter, who bought a tract of land from Robert Wilson on April 1, 1835 for the furnace site. The land was along Perkins Run near where that stream emptied into the East Branch Brandywine Creek. The tract already included a fulling mill and a sawmill, and the transaction encompassed water rights to dam Perkins Run to power the furnace. The Potts and Rutter families were already extensively involved in the iron business in the vicinity of Philadelphia; Henrys father Joseph was a partner in Glasgow Forge, on Manatawny Creek near Pottstown, Pennsylvania, and Henry was involved in ironmaking there and at Warwick Furnace, owned by his first cousin David Potts Jr. The furnace was completed by the end of the year and named in honor of Henrys wife Isabella, née Hitner. It proved to be the last sizable furnace erected in northern Chester County.</p><br>
<p>In the spring of 1836, Henrys brother David, formerly the owner of Springton Forge, was brought in as a partner and manager of the furnace. Henry retained a half interest and David and John each a quarter interest in Isabella Furnace. Ore from the furnace was obtained from the Jones and Warwick mines nearby. These mines were operated by a partnership including members of the allied Potts, Rutter, and Brooke families. In 1839 and 1840, respectively, Henry and Davids brothers Robert Smith Potts and Joseph Potts were brought into the partnership. Ultimately, David bought out most of the family interest, except for a moiety held by his nephew, William A. Smith. Davids nephew Charles Follen McKim, later an architect, was born at Isabella in 1847. The furnace was well-run under Davids direction, and in 1850, produced 1,000 ST of iron per year. The furnace was converted to a forge in 1853. However, changing conditions in the iron market in the mid-1850s badly damaged David&#39;s financial position. Isabella Furnace was assigned to Robert Smith Potts and Addison May, who sold it in the following year to John Irey and James Butler.</p><br>
<p>Irey was a carpenter who, like David Potts, had made iron at Springton Forge. Under the new owners, the output of the forge in 1856 was 560 ST of blooms. Irey bought out Butler in 1860 and thereafter operated the forge himself. The forge was remodeled in 1864 and it was presumably then that it became a furnace again, but Irey&#39;s operations during the Civil War were not profitable.</p><br>
<p>He sold out in 1865 to the brothers Bentley H., William D., and Horace V. Smith, members of an ironmaking family associated with Joanna Furnace and the mines around Warwick. William D. and Horace V. Smith were particularly associated with the management of the furnace until 1881. About 1870, as the Wilmington and Reading Railroad built through the region on the way from Wilmington, Delaware to Birdsboro, Pennsylvania, it established a station called "Isabella" about a mile northwest of the furnace.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, a new figure appeared upon the scene: Col. Joseph D. Potts (1829–1893), son of David Potts. Raised at Isabella Furnace, he regarded it as home. Potts made a fortune in the railroad and transportation industry, in the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad and elsewhere. When he retired from that business, he desired to return to the property where he had been raised and become an ironmaster, like so many of his family before him. He won over the Smith brothers, who were reluctant to sell, and closed on the property on February 28, 1880.</p><br>
<p>Potts was willing to make substantial investments in modernizing the furnace. His improvements included conversion from water to the more reliable steam power for creating the furnace blast. Potts also arranged for the construction of a spur line to the furnace from the East Brandywine and Waynesburg, which had come under the control of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1876. This facilitated the shipment of raw materials to, and iron from, the furnace; in 1884, Isabella was reported to be using a combination of the local ores and imported Spanish ore to produce "car-wheel" pig iron, sold under the "Wyebrooke" brand. At this time, the annual capacity of the furnace had increased to 3,000 ST of iron due to the modernization. Soon after buying the furnace, Col. Potts appointed his elder son, William M. Potts, manager of the furnace; William&#39;s younger brother, Francis L. Potts, was also associated with Isabella until 1886. In that year, Isabella underwent its last rebuilding. By 1892, the furnace was using a blend of local ores, ore from Lancaster County, Elba, and Lake Superior, and reported an annual capacity of 6,000 ST.</p><br>
<p>In 1891, Col. Potts began building a nearby chateau-like mansion, "Langoma" (1891–95, Theophilus P. Chandler Jr., architect), which he intended as a residence for himself and his son William. However, he died in December 1893 and did not live to see it completed. William, his wife, and mother did move into "Langoma", but ironmaking at the furnace ended in April 1894, not long after Col. Potts&#39; death. It was the last iron furnace operating in Chester County. The furnace and railroad spur were left largely intact, although unused. The slow dilapidation of the furnace produced a remarkable aesthetic effect. Henry Seidel Canby referred in 1935 to "its moldering cupola furnace, like a Persian mosque of the twelfth century, its long walls and sleepy half-drained dam." This slow decay was accelerated after the death of William M. Potts in 1943, when the railroad was taken up and other metal was reclaimed for scrap. Even after this, HABS photographer Ned Goode said of the furnace in 1959 that "its wild setting in an over-grown field is quite striking".</p><br>
<p>After the death of William Potts, the ruined furnace was sold by his estate to Frank Bloise, who sold it in 1945 to Langoma Industries, a clothing firm with which Bloise was involved. Langoma Industries intended to set up a clothing factory and a surrounding worker&#39;s town on the Potts estate. It was still owned by Langoma Industries in 1959. Ultimately, the property was converted to a private residence by Dr. and Mrs. Daniel Leiberman, who sold the property about 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The original stack of the furnace was 33 ft high, with a 6.5 ft bosh. Either the 1864 or 1881 remodeling increased the height to 35 ft, with a 7.75 ft bosh. The last remodeling, in 1886, enlarged the stack to 60 ft.</p><br>
<p>A Hexamer General Survey plan of the furnace made in 1890 shows a number of structures arranged along the hillside sloping down to Perkins Run. Atop the hillside were a "coalhouse", "orehouse", and "screenhouse&quot three large warehouses (about 100 x 50 each) with railroad trestles running into them for the delivery and storage of raw materials. Their elevated position allowed charcoal and ore to be moved directly to a crusher house and a charging house on the edge of the hillside; the mixed coal and ore could then move across a charging bridge into the top of the furnace stack, whose base was at the foot of the hill. Attached to the base of the furnace were a "wheel house", apparently used for storing casting sand and fire brick, and a casting house where molten iron from the furnace could run into molds. Just to the northwest lay the boiler shed and blowing engine for the furnace&#39;s steam-powered tuyeres, and several ancillary buildings also lay in the floodplain on both sides of Perkins Run.</p><br>
<p>Current aerial photography shows the coalhouse, casting and crushing houses, blowing engine house, and a small storage building have been reroofed and appear to form part of a private residence. The furnace stack appears to be largely demolished, and other buildings are gone; the foundations and lower walls of the orehouse and screenhouse are still evident.</p><br>
<p>Sheffield Farms Stable was a historic stable located in Manhattanville, Manhattan, New York. Designed by Frank A. Rooke, it was a six-story, light colored brick building with terracotta ornament. It was originally built in 1903 as a two-story stable building for the Sheffield Farms dairy, then expanded to its present size in 1909. It housed horses used for the delivery of pasteurized milk until July 1938. It was sold in 1942, after which it housed a real estate company, insurance company, and warehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The site is now part of Columbia Universitys new Manhattanville Campus. In 2009, Columbia contracted with the buildings owner, who ran a moving and storage business in it, to build her a new building at 51 Audubon Avenue, incorporating the stable&#39;s façade. The façade was dismantled in 2009, and reïnstalled in the new building in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The building has since been demolished. Today the entire blockfront is occupied by the university&#39;s Greene Science Center.</p><br>
